城市二元结构背景下城市居民与农民工收入差异探究

Effect of Urban Dual Structure on Income Disparity Under the Background of the Urban Residents and Migrant Workers

我国城市经济的大发展,需要大量的外来劳动力来支撑,随着我国对农业投入的增加和技术含量的进一步提高,以及人力资本素质的逐步提升,由传统农业本身排挤出的劳动力将会越来越多。由于推力和拉力的作用,大批的农业剩余劳动力进城务工,逐步形成了规模巨大的农民工群体,由于农民工与城市居民身份的不同,导致他们在就业、收入、社会福利、子女教育等方面存在差异,于是在城市形成了新的经济结构形态即"城市二元结构"。"城市二元结构"的形成,增加了城市管理的难度,动摇了城市化的进程,扩大了农民工与城市居民收入的差异。笔者建议通过加快户籍改革、统一城乡就业政策、逐步统一社会保障、为低收入农民工群体提供廉租房、解决好农民工子女的教育等措施来缩小城市居民与农民工收入的差异。

The development of urban economy in our country needs a lot of migrant labors to support, along with the increase of agricultural inputs and improve mant of the technology content, which gradually improves quality of human capital from the traditional agriculture itself out of the labor force . Because of the push and pull effect, a large number of migrant workers of agricultural surplus labor force gradually formed a huge group of migrant workers. Because of the difference of migrant workers and urban residents identity, which leads them in employ- ment, income, social welfare, children education, etc, and forms a new pattern of economic structure in the city ＂urban dual structure＂, the formation of ＂urban dual structure＂ increases the difficulty of city management, shakes the process of urbanization, and expands the rural migrant workers and urban residents＇ income differ- ence. The author recommends that we should accelerate reform of the household registration, unified urban and rural employment policy, gradually to low - income migrant workers social security, housing, solve migrant chil- dren＇s education and other measures to narrow the differences of urban residents and migrant workers income.