新疆主要棉区棉花黄萎病发生概况

Occurrence overviews of cotton Verticillium wilt in Xinjiang

为了解目前新疆棉花黄萎病的发生现状,对新疆主要植棉地区棉花黄萎病发生程度、落叶型菌系分布以及代表棉区主栽品种黄萎病抗性类型、棉花黄萎病发生规律进行了调查研究。结果表明:在调查的新疆棉田中棉花黄萎病发病田占58.2%,其中病情指数达5.0以上的棉田占28.1%;新疆棉花黄萎病菌系中37.3%为落叶型菌系;阿克苏棉区主栽的棉花品种(系)‘中棉49号’、‘中棉414号’、‘2905’棉花黄萎病抗性表现为耐病,生产上缺乏抗病品种。阿克苏棉区棉花黄萎病发生始期较往年趋早,发病程度趋于严重,6月下旬至7月下旬为棉黄萎病快速发展期,后期由于高温抑制作用,发病趋缓。

The occurrence degree of Verticillium wilt and the distribution of defoliating strains of Verticillium dahliae were investigated in main cotton planted regions of Xinjiang. In addition, the disease resistance type of main cotton vari- eties and the occurrence rule of Verticillium wilt were studied. The results showed that disease fields of Verticillium wilt accounted for 58.2% in Xinjiang, and the fields with the disease index above 5.0 accounted for 28.1%. Defoliating strains of V. dahliae accounted for 37.3% in Xinjiang. The Verticillium wilt resistance of main cotton varieties ‘Zhong- mian 49＇,‘Zhongmian 414＇ ,‘2905＇ is tolerant in Aksu, while there is a lack of anti-Verticillium wilt varieties in practice. In Aksu, cotton Verticillium wilt is happening earlier and much more seriously than last few years, it develops rapidly from late June to late July, and turns slowly at later stage due to the hyperthermia.