北京奥林匹克森林公园北园区冬春季鸟类多样性

Bird Diversity at the Northern Section of Beijing Olympic Forest Park During Late Winter and Spring

为了解北京奥林匹克森林公园北园区在冬春季交接期鸟类组成的变化,2013年2-5月采用路线法和样点法进行了调查。共记录46种鸟类,分属11目23科,其中31种属于受保护的种类。在动物地理分布型上有7种成分,以古北型和广布型居多。从3月中旬观察到过境旅鸟,较往年时间延后,集群数量超过5只的有18种。由于北园区能够为鸟类提供果实的树种较少、地面杂草已被清理,缺乏越冬鸟类所需的适宜取食和隐蔽地,鸟类物种和数量均少于南园区。早春旅鸟过境时各种柳莺和黄腹山雀等在北园区往往形成较大集群,可以在此地开展旨在促进保护野生鸟类的观鸟活动,以体现北园区保护鸟类的生态作用。

To develop baseline information on bird diversity during the transition from winter to spdng at the northern section of Beijing Olympic Forest Park, we conducted field surveys based on line transect and point count sampling from February to May 2013. We recorded 46 bird species of 11 orders and 23 families of which 31 species are nationally protected wildlife. There were 7 geo- graphical distribution types of which Palaearctic and cosmopolitan types were dominant. Migratory birds were observed from the middle of March, which was later than during former years. Eighteen species of birds were observed in flocks of over 5 birds. As a result of reduced cultivation of fruit trees and the clearing of grasses, the area of suitable feeding and sheltering habitat in the study ar- ea declined and the number of bird species and individuals in winter were both Less than in the southern section of the park, which was unaffected by these habitat modifications. In early spring, passage migrants included species of willow warbler and yellow - bellied tit. which gathered in large flocks in the northern section of the park. A focused bird watching activity in the spring may be organized to convey the idea of bird protection for younger generations and to highlight the eco- logical function of the northern section of Olympic Forest Park.