福建超级稻品种干物质生产特性研究

Characteristics of Dry Matter Production for Super Rice Cultivars in Fujian Province

分析4个超级稻品种的干物质积累、分配、转运和群体生长率等生理特性。结果表明:超级稻品种的叶面积指数(LAI)呈抛物线动态变化,齐穗期达最高值;各品种的群体生长率(CGR)均以齐穗期-乳熟期为最高,且整个生育过程各超级稻品种的CGR均高于对照,具有较强的光合生产能力;超级稻产量与生育前期的干物质积累量关系不密切,而与中后期的干物质积累量呈极显著的正相关,显示超级稻品种的干物质生产优势在中后期;超级稻品种平均的茎叶干物质输出率和表观转变率均比对照低;超级稻品种稻谷产量显著高于对照的原因,是依赖超级稻品种具有高额的干物质生产量及生育中后期叶片更多的光合作用。

Physiological characteristics of four super rice cultivars were analyzed including dry matter accumulation, allocation and transportation as well as crop growth rate. The results showed that leaf area index （LAI） of super rice cultivars exhibited dynamic change as parabolic curve and peaked at full heading stage. Crop growth rate （CGR） of each super rice cultivar was the highest during full heading stage and milky stage. CGR of four super rice cultivars were higher than that of the control during the entire growth stage, indicating stronger photosynthetic production capacity of super rice. There was no significant relationship between grain yield of super rice cultivars and dry matter accumulation at the early developing stage （before stem elongation）, but dry matter accumulation at mid and late developing stages （from stem elongation to ripening stage）, indicating there was higher dry matter production capacity of super rice at mid and late developing stage. Furthermore, average output percentage and apparent transformation rates of stem and leaf dry matter for super rice cultivars were all lower than that of the control. Compared to the control, the significant yield of super rice cultivar depends on higher dry matter production and stronger photosynthesis of leaves at mid and late developing stages.