虚拟位移语言现象研究:回顾与展望

Fictive Motion Expressions Revisited and Beyond

虚拟位移是一种特殊的空间移动事件,其特点是使用位移动词表征静止的事物。自从Talmy首先注意并深入研究此类特殊的语言现象后,虚拟位移的研究受到了认知语言学和心理语言学的广泛关注。本文在介绍虚拟位移的定义和分类及其所涉及的相关理论的基础上,从理论研究、跨语言对比研究和实证研究三个角度综述了国外虚拟位移的研究,并总结了国内虚拟位移研究集中的五个方面。最后指出未来我国虚拟位移的理论研究应该结合语料库语言学,诉诸大量语料,提高研究结果的信度。跨语言对比研究应该扩大语言的种类,既要进行不同框架语言之间的对比,又要进行相同框架语言之间的对比。国内迫切需要填补虚拟位移实证研究的空白,并同时关注虚拟位移的理解和产出情况。

Fictive motion,as encoded in linguistic structures,is a kind of special spatial motion events depicting nonphysical motion or state change. Talmy( 1983) studied this linguistic phenomenon and extended to both cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics. In this paper,first we give an account of the definition and the classification of Fictive Motion Expressions( FMEs) as well as the Motion Event Framework. Then we go on to review previous works on FMEs at home and abroad in terms of theoretical studies,cross-linguistic comparison and empirical studies. It is further suggested that the upcoming study should resort to corpus linguistics for the theoretical research reliability of FMEs. As for cross-linguistic comparison,it is badly necessary to incorporate more types of languages and compare FMEs between two languages both within the same frame languages and across different frame languages. Moreover,efforts should be made to fill in the gaps of empirical studies on the acquisition of FMEs in light of learners' understanding and production.