清代河南工商业市镇的发展水平探析——以河内清化镇为个案考察

Exploration on the Development Level of Industry and Commerce Towns in Henan in Qing Dynasty——Take Qinghua Town as the Case Study

清化镇是清代河南极具代表性的一座工商业城镇,它的经济既不同于开封等典型的政治性消费型城市,也与赊旗、周口、北舞渡等单纯依赖交通而繁荣的商业市镇有着截然的区别。它有着悠久的历史传统,虽然其发展得益于交通的发达,但这仅是其繁荣的必要条件之一,丰富的物产及依赖本身地理条件而发展起来的手工业为清化城镇经济奠定了坚实的基础。随着生产的进步及商品社会化程度的加深,清化镇区域间经济整合的趋势已经形成,而雇佣劳动和包买商等行为的出现,也说明小商品生产同母体自给性小生产相背离的情况日益明显,但因受到封建制度和自身环境的约束,小农经济的本质并没有改变。

Qinghua Town was one representative town famous for its industry and commerce in Henan Province in Qing Dynasty. Its economy was different from Kaifeng, which was a typical city in political consumption, and also was distinctively different from the business towns like Sheqi, Zhoukou, and Beiwudu etc, where the economy was prosperous simply because of the convenient transportation. Qinghua town had a long history, and although its development also benefited from advanced transportation,which was but only one of the necessities for its prosperous economy, its abundant natural products,together with handicraft industry that developed in its own distinct geological condition, make substantial basis for the economy in Qinghua town. With the progress of production and deeper commodity socialization, different regional economies of Qinghua town tend to integrate, and the appearance of wage labor and merchant employer also indicates the formation of small commodity production, which is deviated increasingly from the small production of self - sufficiency in native homeland. But because of the limitation of feudal system and its own environment, the nature of small - scale peasant economy still changed little.