雅安地震灾区宝兴县聚落空间特征分析

Analysis on Human Settlement Spatial Characteristics in Baoxing County,Ya'an Earthquake-Stricken Area

宝兴县地处龙门山断裂带上,在汶川和芦山两次强地震的作用下,聚落及其山区生态环境损毁严重.利用遥感数据和GIS技术,选取海拔、坡度、坡向3个聚落生境因子,揭示山区聚落生境特征;在此基础上,利用CV值、NNI指数、VCM曲线和分形模型,阐明聚落的空间分布规律.研究表明,海拔1 900m以下、坡度小于35°且阳坡地带是宝兴县聚落的主要分布区,是山区居民长期适应山地环境的反映.山区聚落主要沿河流集聚性分布,且集聚特征显著.可为灾后恢复重建、新型城镇化建设提供参考.

Located at the Longmenshan fracture zone, Baoxing County＇ s settlement and mountain ecological environment were severely damaged during two fierce earthquakes, Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquakes. This article picks 3 settlement habitat factors altitude, gradient, and slope aspect, reveals the features of settlement habitat in mountain area, examines the CV value, NNI index, VCM curve and fractal model, and illustrates the spatial distribution patterns of human settlements. The result shows that the main distribution area of Baoxing County＇s settlement is an adret slope where the altitude is below 1 900 m and the slope is less than 35°, which is reflected by the fact that mountain area residents have adapted to mountain environment for ages. The comprehensive analysis on CV value, NNI index, VCM curve, and fractal dimension shows that the human settlement of mountain area is mainly clustering distributed along the river and with significant feature. It can provide reference frame for the restoration and reconstruction after disasters and new pattern urbanization.