从国家自然科学基金资助情况分析作物栽培学基础研究状况

Role of National Natural Science Foudation of China in Disciplinary Advancement of Crop Cultivation

作物栽培学是以作物高产、优质、高效、生态和安全生产为目标,直接服务于农业生产和环境改善的应用基础学科。本文主要基于2001—2014年国家自然科学基金面上、青年和地区基金的资助情况,通过与作物遗传育种等相近二级学科的比较,分析作物栽培学科发展现状、存在问题及对策。主要结论如下:稳定增长的国家自然科学基金为作物栽培学科发展提供了持续支撑;作物栽培学基础研究在研究方向和内容上呈现出多样化发展格局;与作物遗传育种等学科相比,作物栽培学在国家自然科学基金中处于相对弱势的地位,突出表现在申报体量小,国家杰出青年基金项目、重点项目和重大项目等更少,这是制约作物栽培学科基础研究发展的重要因素;今后作物栽培学科的发展需要加大青年骨干和杰出人才的培养,坚持服务我国作物生产的行业导向,加强学科之间、学科内部及国际间的合作与交流,善于从实践中提炼有价值的、学科特色鲜明的重大科学问题,完善、夯实作物栽培学的理论基础。

Crop cultivation, an applied discipline within crop science, has the aims of promoting high-yielding, better quality, high efficiency, and ecological and safe crop production, directly serving for agricultural production and environmental improvement. Using the data of the General Program, Young Scientists Fund, and Fund for Less Developed Regions sponsored by NSFC between 2001 and 2014, this article analyzes the current status of researches of crop cultivation, clarifies their weak points, and thereby formulates the strategies for future development. The ever-increasing NSFC funds have built the foundation of the disciplinary advancement of crop cultivation, which shows diversifying research di- rections and areas. In the profile of NSFC sponsored programs, crop cultivation is faced with a serious situa- tion, particularly in the number of proposals submitted. In comparison with crop genetics, crop cultivation lacks larger programs such as National Science Fund for Dis- tinguished Young Scholars, Major Program, and Key Program , and this has been the main obstacles for its disciplinary advancement. In the future, scientists of crop cultivation should coordinately put into practice of the scientific values, and identify key scientific questions from practices of China＇s crop production, and solidify the theoretical foundation of crop cultivation. Furthermore, international and interdisciplinary coorpera- tion and exchanges and training elite young talents with the integration of theory and practice are of high priority for the future of crop cultivation.