小麦新品种鲁原502高产稳产性分析及其育种启示

Analysis on High and Stable Yield of New Wheat Variety Luyuan 502 and Breeding Enlightenment

利用国家和省级小麦区域试验数据对小麦新品种鲁原502进行高产和稳产性分析,结果表明:鲁原502的产量构成三因素具备极强的调节能力;在山东、河北和山西省小麦区试中666.7m2平均产量分别达574.3、517.1、526.9 kg,较对照品种石4185分别增产11.21%、8.40%和7.65%,均达到极显著水平,表现出高产特性;在黄淮北片试验中变异系数较舜麦1718和石4185小,较邯6172高,综合考虑其变异系数及其在试验中产量均值的表现,该品种又表现出稳产特性。该品种的育成表明,增加穗粒数和改良株型、增强抗倒伏能力和提高收获指数是山东省今后育种的主要目标,产量构成三因素——穗(单位面积穗数)、粒(每穗粒数)、重(千粒重)应协调发展,以666.7m2穗数40.0万、穗粒数40粒左右、千粒重45 g以上为宜。

Luyuan 502, a new wheat variety with high yield and wide adaption, was bred by the Institute for Application of Atomic Energy of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Institute of Crop Sci- ences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The analysis on high and stable yield of Luyuan 502 was carried out according to the data from the National and Provincial Wheat Regional Tests. The results were as follows. The yield components of Luyuan 502 had high regulating ability. The average yield of Luyuan 502 in Shandong, Hebei and Shanxi regional tests were 574.3,517.1 and 526.9 kg per 666.7m^2, respectively, and were 11.21%, 8.40% and 7.65% higher than that of the control variety, which reached the significant lev- el. Luyuan 502 showed the property of high yield. The variation coefficient of Luyuan 502 in the north Huang - Huai winter wheat area tests, was lower than that of Shunmai 1718 and Shi 4185, but higher than that of Han 6172, so Luyuan 502 showed the characteristic of stable yield, too. It indicated that the main breeding objectives of Shandong Province should be increasing the grain number per spike, improving plant type, en- hancing lodging - resistance ability and harvest index. These 3 yield components were optimal with the number of spike above 400 thousand, the grain number per spike above 40 and the 1 000 - grain weight above 45 g.