心理护理对血站无偿献血者的护理效果观察

Observation of the Nursing Effect of Psychological Care on Blood Donors in the Blood Station

目的探讨心理护理对血站无偿献血者的护理效果。方法入选的2012年2月—2014年2月期间在该血站400例无偿献血者均为初次献血者,所选对象均在献血前测定其相关生理指标,相关生理指标正常者可实施无偿献血。上述对象根据随机原则分为观察组和对照组。对照组采用常规的献血护理干预措施:无偿献血者来献血、测定相关生理指标、护理人员对其进行采集血液,而后献血者离开。观察组在上述常规护理基础上实施心理护理干预。采用焦虑自评量表对两组对象的献血前和献血后进行心理焦虑情绪评定;记录两组对象献血反应的发生例数。结果观察组献血前的焦虑自评量表评分和对照组献血前的评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组献血后的焦虑自评量表评分和本组献血前的焦虑自评量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组献血后的焦虑自评量表评分和对照组献血后的评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中无反应189例、轻度反应8例、中度反应3例、重度反应0例。观察组中中度和重度反应所致比例为1.5%;对照组中无反应176例、轻度反应8例、中度反应14例、重度反应2例。对照组中中度和重度反应所致比例为8.0%;二者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理护理能够显著改善血站无偿献血者的心理情绪,减少献血不良反应发生率,护理效果显著,值得借鉴。

Objective To discuss the nursing effect of psychological care on the blood donors in the blood station. Methods All the selected 400 cases donated blood for the first time between February 2012 and February 2014. The relative physiological in-dexes were measured in the selected subjects and those with the normal physiological indexes could donate blood. The subjects were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. The control group was given the conventional nursing in-tervention measures for donating blood such as detecting the relative physiological indexes, collecting blood by the nursing staff, and then the blood donors going away, while the observation group was given psychological care intervention based on the conven-tional nursing given to the control group. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate the psychological anxiety of the two groups before and after donating blood. And the number with adverse reactions of blood donation in both groups was recorded. Results No statistically significant difference was found in the score of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale before donating blood between the observation group and the control group （P〉0.05）. The difference in the score of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale of the observation group before and after donating blood was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in the score of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale after donating blood between the observation group and the control group （P〈0.05）. In the observation group, 189 cases had no adverse reactions, 8 cases had mild adverse reactions, 3 cases had moderate adverse reactions, and 0 case had severe adverse reactions, the proportion of the number with moderate and severe adverse reactions was 1.5%; in the control group, 176 cases had no adverse reactions, 8 cases had mild adverse reactions, 14 cases had moderate adverse reactions, and 2 cases had severe adverse reactions, the proportion of the number with moderate and severe adverse reactions was 8.0%, the differ-ences between the two groups were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Psychological care can significantly improve the psychological mood of blood donors, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions of blood donation, the nursing effect is significant, so it is worthy of reference.