青少年和儿童牙冠与牙弓遗传度的研究

Research on the Heritability of Dental Crown and Dental Arch in Teenagers and Children

错(牙合)畸形的病因学研究是口腔正畸学的热点之一。错(牙合)畸形多具有遗传倾向,表现为亲代与子代之间牙(牙合)及颅面性状的相似性,牙齿发育作为全身发育的一部分,环境因素可以通过影响基因的表型而使牙齿发育表现多种多样,但牙齿发育受遗传因素影响更大^([1])。牙冠宽度是牙齿形态测量及牙量指数的重要指标,牙弓形状、大小与牙弓间隙分析、矫治后牙弓的稳定性密切相关。牙冠和牙弓的测量值在正畸诊断和治疗中具有重要意义。该文对遗传性因素影响牙齿和牙弓正常发育的研究现状进行概述,以期为错(牙合)畸形的临床诊断和治疗提供参考。

Etiology of malocclusion is one of the research hotspots in orthodontics. Malocclusion has genetic predisposition generally, which shows the similarity of dental and craniofacial traits between parent and offspring. As a part of the body development, tooth development is affected more by genetic factors although the environmental factors can make tooth development be diverse via affecting gene phenotype [1].The width of tooth crown is an important index of measuring tooth morphology and tooth size. The shape and size of dental arch are closely related to dental arch space analysis and the stability of the dental arch after the treatment. Measurement value of tooth crown and dental arch has important significance in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. This paper outlines the status of research on the genetic factors influencing the normal growth of teeth and dental arch, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion.