美国2014年农业法案调整对我国粮食补贴政策的启示

Adjustment of US Agricultural Act of 2014 and Its Implications for China's Grain Subsidy Policy

美国2014年农业法案取消了近20年的直接补贴政策,增强了农产品价格和农民收入保障水平,并新增了诸多可供农户选择的农业保险项目,该法案的调整对于完善我国粮食补贴政策具有十分重要的借鉴意义。本文在介绍新农业法案中农作物补贴政策的主要调整内容以及分析美国新农业法案调整对其农业生产、农产品国际贸易和财政等方面影响的基础上,总结了美国新农业法案调整在粮食补贴政策精准化、法制化以及完善粮食品种保险等方面对我国粮食补贴政策的启示。

The US Agricultural Act of 2014 revealed the direct subsidy policy, strengthened the protection of agricultural prices and farmers＇ income and increased many crop insurance programs available to farmers. Considering the valuable reference significance of the ad- justment of the Act for China＇s grain subsidy policy , this study introduced the main content of the adjustment of crop subsidy policy in the new farm bill and analyzed the impacts of the adjustment on agricultural production, agricultural products international trade and government finance. Besides, the implications for the China＇s grain subsidy policy were summarized, including precision, legalization and improvement of grain varieties insurance.