中国城镇居民食物消费变迁特征分析

Changing Characteristics of Food Consumption of Urban Residents in China

分析了改革开放以来,我国城镇居民食物消费支出、消费结构和消费行为等消费特征,结果表明,我国城镇居民的食物消费支出不断增加,恩格尔系数逐步下降并趋于稳定;动物性食物消费支出和消费量呈增加趋势,虽然植物性食物仍是城镇居民的主要消费种类,但其地位呈明显下降趋势;城镇食物消费行为变化明显,在外就餐支出不断增加,且消费比重明显上升。针对这些变化特点,结合我国食物与营养发展战略,提出了加强食物生产消费协调发展、促进农产品市场稳定运行和改善居民膳食消费等政策建议。

This paper analyzed the consumption characteristics of Chinese urban residents since the reform and opening up including food consumption expenditure, consumption structure and consumption behaviors. Results showed that Chinese urban residents＇ food con- sumption expenditure had been increasing gradually, and the Engel coefficient decreased and tended to be stable. Animal food consumption expenditure and consumption showed increasing trend. Although plant food was still the main consumption species of the urban residents, but its position decreased significantly. The consumption behaviors of urban residents changed significantly, eating outside spending increased and its proportion in food consumption rose significantly. According to these characteristics, combined with China＇s food and nutrition develop- ment strategies, the paper put forward policy recommendations including strengthening coordinated development of food production and con- sumotion, oromoting the stable ooeration of agricultural oroducts market, and imorovinz dietary eonsumotion oatterns and so on.