黄瓜未授粉子房诱导出胚和再生植株的研究

Studies on Embryo Induction from Un-pollinated Ovary Culture and Regenerated Plant in Cucumber

以7个不同黄瓜基因型为材料进行黄瓜未授粉子房的培养研究,结果表明,不同基因型出胚率差异显著,其中密刺型黄瓜北京102出胚率最高,达25.3%,鄂黄3号出胚率最低,为0.7%。以北京102、中农26号和津优1号为试材进一步研究热激诱导、外源激素、植株不同生长阶段对胚状体诱导产量的影响,发现35℃热激处理2d胚状体产量最高,分化培养基中NAA为0.20mg·L^-1、6-BA为0.8mg·L^-1时最易分化出胚,在植株第21~30节位采收的子房出胚量最高。再生培养基中GA浓度达到0.4-0.8mg·L^-1时,可有效打破再生植株＂花打顶＂现象从而提高植株再生率。再生植株中二倍体植株比率为70.0%,二倍体植株中DH株比率为84%。

Un-pollinated ovary culture was applied in 7 different cucumber （ Cucumis sativus L. ） varieties. The embryo yield was significantly different among different genotypes. Among them, the highest embryo formation rate was ＇Beijing 102＇, reaching 25.3%, the lowest embryo formation rate was ＇Erhuang No.3＇, reaching 0.7%. Taking ＇Beijing 102＇, ＇Zhongnong No.26＇ and ＇Jinyou No.1＇ as experimental material, further studies were conducted about the effects of thermal treatment, exogenous hormones and different growth stage of plant on embryo induction yield. The results showed that a thermal shock at 35℃ for 2 days could gain the highest embryo yield, and the differential medium with 0.20 mg · L^-1 NAA and 0.8 mg ·L^-1 6-BA was optimal for embryo differentiation. The highest embryo yield was harvested with ovary selected at 21-30 nodes of the plant stem. When the GA concentration in regeneration medium reached 0.4-0.8 mg · L^-1, the ＇blunt with blossom＇ phenomenon of regenerated plant could be effectively vanished. Thus, the plant regeneration rate was increased. The ratio of diploid plants in regenerated plants was 70%, and the DH plant ratio in diploid plants was 84%.