成人创造性探索的阈下安全启动效应

The Effects of Subliminal Secure Priming on Adult Creative Exploration

使用问卷法和实验法,以90名18~26岁大学生为样本,探讨了依恋阈下安全启动下成人的创造性探索。结果发现：（1）阈下安全启动与非安全启动下成人的创造性探索存在显著差异;（2）阈下安全启动对成人创造性探索的积极影响独立于依恋安全水平;（3）依恋对象的图片能够启动安全基模中积极的情绪成分,进而扩散到创造性探索任务上。研究表明,阈下安全启动能够促进成人的创造性探索,情绪是启动效应产生的原因之一。

Exploration is an important part of the individual development tasks. Learning, working, and families are all areas of exploration for adults. Attachment theory regard attachment as the secure base of exploration. Attachment insecurities interfere with optimal exploration and learning. The present study examined the relation between adult attachment and creative exploration from psychological dynamics perspective, and tested the effect of subliminal secure priming on creative exploration among Chinese. This study also evaluated the alternative positive emotion explanation of the findings. 90 college students （71 women and 19 men, ranging in age from 19 to 26） participated in the study. With the benefit of questionnaires, we obtained their dispositional attachment anxiety and avoidance, and the pictures of their attachment figures, close persons and known persons. Two weeks later, the participants were invited completing the subliminal priming task. Participants were randomly divided into three experimental conditions with 30 participants in each. In the security-priming condition, the prime was the photo of the participant＇s attachment figure. In the close-person-priming condition, the prime was the photo of the participant＇s close person . In the known-person condition, the prime was the photo of the participant＇s known person. Following subliminal priming task, all participants rated their current mood and performed a questionnaire which was measuring their creative exploration. ANOVA and two-step hierarchical regression analysis were used to examine the effects of subliminal secure priming on creative exploration. The results showed that： （1） participants in security-priming condition performed better than close- person-priming condition and known-person condition, subliminal secure-priming had a positive effect on adults creative exploration. （2） attachment anxiety and avoidance both had no significant relations with creative exploration. （3） the beneficial effect of security priming on creative exploration was observed regardless of dispositional differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance. （4） the emotion elevation was an interpretation of the observed effect of security priming on creative exploration, the photo of attachment figures could prime the positive emotion component in the secure-base model, the positive emotion then spread to creative exploration. The present study examines the relation between attachment and creative exploration from psychological dynamics perspective, it is a complement of previous attachment research which always regard attachment as stable personality traits. The effect of secure priming on creative exploration is validated not only among Israelite but also among Chinese, and it establishes the generality of the findings and conforms to the trend of cross-culture research. The last contribution of this study is that teachers and employers could promote students or employees＇ performance in the process of learning and working by priming their representations of secure attachment in order to maximize their creativity and make the individual self-realization.