广州封闭社区居民社区依恋及其影响因素

Residents' Community Attachment and Its Determinants in Gated Communities of Guangzhou

从"人本主义"的视角出发,基于2012年10月―2013年1月在广州进行的抽样调查数据,从封闭小区居民的主观感知出发测量居民的社区依恋情感强度;并基于社区情感研究的"社区失落""社区继存"和"社区解放"3种观点分析了广州封闭社区居民社区依恋情感。然后运用多元线性回归分析方法从个体特征、社区社会环境和建成环境3方面系统地分析了社区依恋的影响因素。研究发现,广州封闭社区依然存在较强的社区依恋情感,基于地缘关系的传统社区并未解体,但作为"社区继存"只是在居民心中"有限存留"。在影响因素方面,年龄、婚姻状况和居住时间等个体层面特征,邻里关系、邻里交往和社区参与等社会环境因素,居民对社区建成环境的主观评价等因素对社区依恋影响较大。除封闭程度以外,社区建成环境的客观测度与社区依恋并无显著关系。

With the deepening of housing reform and socio-economic restructuring, gated communities have become the predominant residential form in Chinese cities. Much scholarly attention has been paid to understanding of the emergence, typology, and socio-spatial consequences of gated communities. Nevertheless, the subjects of gated communities, i.e. residents and their community living, have not been fully explored. There is a lack of empirical study, especially quantitative analysis on the topic. Drawing on a large-scale household survey conducted in Guangzhou in 2013, this paper aims to measure residents＇ subjective perception and the intensity of community attachment based on three perspectives of community sentiment, i.e. ＇community loss＇, ＇community saved＇ and ＇community liberated＇. Building upon multivariate regression models, this study systematically analyzes the determinants of community attachment in gated communities from three aspects, namely individual characteristics, social interactions, and built environment. The empirical evidence shows that intense community attachment still maintains in Guangzhou＇s gated communities, although ＇community saved＇ remains in a very limited way among residents. As this study unfolds, community attachment is largely affected by individual characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, and residential period, as well as social interactions within the community, such as neighborly relationship, neighborhood communication, community participation. Notably, apart from the degree of gatedness and the subjective assessment of built environment, the characteristics of built environment does not show much statistical significance to the attachment to gated communities.