鲁西平原参考作物蒸散量变化及气候影响分析

Analysis on Change of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Climatic Effects in Luxi Plain

基于聊城市7个国家一般站和1个国家基准站的1970-2012年的气候要素资料,利用FAO Penman-Monteith模型分析了鲁西平原43年潜在的参考蒸散量(ET0)时空分布特征,并采用偏相关分析法探讨了气候对于蒸散量的主导因素。结果表明,鲁西平原日最大蒸散量为11 mm,最小为0.3 mm,年均蒸散量为1 095 mm,春、夏、秋、冬蒸散量分别为324、428、237和100 mm;年平均蒸散量和各季节蒸散量均呈逐年减小的趋势。鲁西地区蒸散量自南向北呈现增大的趋势,其中最大值为1 337 mm,最小值为854mm。偏相关分析表明,气温、风速和日照时数对于蒸散量的贡献为正相关,相对湿度为负相关。不同站点气象要素对ET0影响有所差异。其中风速、日照时数是引起蒸散量变化的主导因素。Penman-Monteith模型能较好地模拟鲁西平原日、季与年的参考蒸散量,为鲁西平原合理用水和科学灌溉提供科学依据。

Based on the climatic factors observations at seven national general stations and a national principal station from 1970 to 2012 in Liaocheng city,analysis was performed of the potential reference evapotranspiration （ETo） temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Luxi Plain within 43 years used Penman-Monteith model,and of the discuss on the leading chmatic factors to ETo used correlationalanalysis method.The results indicated that,the daily maximum and minimum ETo was 11 mm and 0,3 mm,respectively, the annual and quarterly average ETo was 1 095 mm, 324 mm,428 mm,237 mm and 100 mm, respectively.The annual and quarterly ETo showed a trend of decrease year by year, and increase from north to south,with the maximum and minimum of 1 337 mm and 854 mm,respectively.The partial correlation analysis showed that air temperature, wind speed and sunshine duration had a positive correlation with ETo contribution, and the relative humidity had a negative correlation.Different climatic factors had different effect on ETo,of which the wind speed and the sunshine duration was the leading factor.Penman-Monteith model could preferably simulate the daily,quarterly and annual evapotranspiration on Luxi Plain,which could provide a scientific basis for reasonable and scientific irrigation water for the Luxi Plain.