黔东南烟区主要气象因子时空分布特征与烤烟生产相关分析

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Major Meteorological Factors and Effect on Tobacco in Qiandongnan Tobacco Area

通过整理黔东南烟区1961～2011年16个气象站的温度、日照及降雨量档案数据，分析了各气象因子的时空分布特征及与烤烟生产的关系、气象灾害对烤烟生长的影响．并就烤烟生产如何合理利用当地气候资源提出了生产建议。结果表明，黔东南烟区在育苗期多低温寡照，建议采取大棚育苗方式．探索双棚育苗和小壮苗培育技术，并采用调光膜或设置棚内光源等措施增加苗期光照；移栽期宜提前到3月下旬至4月下旬，同时配套三段式移栽方式，移栽苗采用小壮苗为主；旺长期的降雨时空分布不均．且平均降雨量在以14．3mm／10a的速率波动增加，建议加强烟田的开沟排水管理；7月中下旬至8月上中旬正是中东部的高温期，且干旱天气频繁出现，建议中东部烟区应尽量提早移栽期．以有效减轻成熟期高温伏旱天气对烟株生长造成的不利影响．

Temperature, sunshine and rainfall of 16 weather stations from 1961 to 2011 in Qiandongnan tobacco area were collected and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of them were studied. By analyzing the effect on tobacco of meteorological factors and meteorological disasters, some suggestions on tobacco production were proposed. The results showed that, low temperature and less sunshine weather often appeared in seedling stage, raising seedling in greenhouse and cultivating young seedling in double shed was suggested, and the light in greenhouse must be increased. Transplanting period was suitable to adjusted to late March to late April, using three steps transplanting methods and young seedling. Because of the uneven rainfall distribution on time and space, drainage work must be strengthened. High temperature and drought weather in mid-east region appeared in late July to early August, the transplanting stage was suggested to be early as possible.