几种青稞新品种叶片出生与穗分化关系研究

Study on Relationship between Leaf emergence and Spike Differentiation in Several New Barley Varieties

以青稞(Hordeum vulgare Linn.var.nudum Hook.f.)春性新品种藏青2000、藏青85、喜拉22为材料,藏青320作为对照,采用尿素、微生物肥料和空白(对照)3个肥料处理,研究青稞各品种在不同施肥处理条件下的叶龄、叶龄余数、叶龄指数与穗分化的关系。结果表明,4个品种不同肥料处理间,各穗分化时期叶龄数差异较小;各品种穗分化前期(伸长期至内外颖分化期)的叶龄余数高于穗分化后期(雌雄蕊分化期至毛状期),随着穗分化的进展各不同肥料处理间叶龄余数逐渐减少,且整个穗分化过程中不同品种叶龄余数间无明显差异;穗分化前期各不同肥料处理品种间的叶龄指数差异较小,但随着穗分化的进展,穗分化后期各肥料处理下不同品种间的叶龄指数差异越来越明显,且随着穗分化的进展其叶龄指数也逐渐增大。表明叶龄、叶龄余数和叶龄指数是从不同角度反映青稞幼穗分化进程的形态数量指标,在品种类型和生态条件基本明确的基础上,用叶龄指标衡量穗发育进程较为直观实用;当生态条件适宜而品种类型不同时,采用叶龄余数指标较为可靠;而在基因型确定、生态条件不同的情况下,采用叶龄指数指标为宜。为青稞新品种栽培调控和生长模拟提供了依据。

With barley varieties ＇zangqing 2000＇, ＇zangqing 85＇, ＇xila 22＇ as materials and ＇zangqing 320＇ by contrast, the correlation of leaf age,leaf age remainder, leaf age index and spike differentiation were studied under different fertilization treats such as urea,microbial fertilizer and blank （control）. The results showed that under the corresponding correlation of leaf age, leaf age remainder,leaf age index and spike differentiation period were varied with different variety and fertilization treat. At the early stage of the spike differentiation （elongation stage to inner and outer glume differentiation stage） the difference of leaf age,leaf age remainder and the leaf age index was small in different variety and fertilization treat.But at the late spike differentiation phase （female stamen differentiation phase to hairy） the leaf age, leaf age remainder and leaf age index presented significantly difference in each variety and fertilization treat with the progress of the spike differentiation, especially the leaf age index in microbial fertilization treat.It indicated that the influence of barley on the relationship of leaf age index and spike differentiation were mainly with genotype effect and the influence of ecological factors was smaller.It suggested that the leaf age index was more reliable than leaf age and leaf age remainder to measure the spike differentiation process under different ecological conditions when genotype characteristics were clear.It provided a reference for barley cultivating regulation and growth simulation.