蓁山地区两种同花期植物的开花特性及昆虫访花动态

Flowering Characteristics and Insect Visiting Dynamics of Two Plants at the Same Flowering Time in Zhen-shan Area

植物与访花昆虫之间的关系及昆虫访花动态的影响因素是进化生态学的研究热点.为了深入理解植物的花部特征与访花昆虫的关系,利用定位观测的方法,对木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)和冬青卫矛(Euonymus japonicus)两种植物的开花动态、花部特征以及访花昆虫的种类和访花行为进行了对比研究.结果表明:两种植物的开花动态有显著差异,花粉形态均表现出多型性,分析显示植物不同的开花特性吸引不同种类的访花昆虫.另外研究中还发现访花频率受天气影响较大,木槿的访花昆虫对温度敏感,并呈现两个访花高峰;冬青卫矛的访花昆虫则对温度不敏感,雨后初晴的访花量剧增.两种植物的花序密度与其昆虫访花频率均呈正相关.

Relationship between plants and pollinators and the influencing factors of pollination dynamic are hotspots of evolutionary ecology. In order to understand the relationship between plants floral characteristics and pollinators,two flowering plants （Hibiscus syriacus and Euonymus japonicas） were chosed to compare by using position observation method. The research contents included dynamic of flowering ,floral characteristics,mor-phology of pollen,species of pollinators and foraging behavior. It was shown that flowering dynamics and pollen morphology were different significantly between two plants,and both attracted different types of insects because of different flowering characteristics. The visiting frequencies of pollinators were also influenced by the weather：the flower-visiting insects of Hibiscus were sensitive to temperature especially,two foraging peaks dis-played;while pollinators of Euonymus were not sensitive to temperature,foraging increased significantly after rain. Insects visiting frequencies of these two plants were positively correlated with inflorescence density.