分布式形态学框架下的汉语准定语句研究

A Distributed Morphology-based Approach to Clauses with Quasi-Attributives in Chinese

准定语句是汉语中的一种特殊句式,具有形义错配性、与动词拷贝句的内在关联性、歧义性、非强制性及参数变异性等5种特征,其中以形义错配性最为突出,因而受到学界广泛关注。文章在分布式形态学理论框架下,通过"特征拷贝"和"特征引入"等句法后操作对由句法推导而来的结构进行修饰性调整,从而较好地统一解释准定语句的上述特征。这一分析在理论上更加自然,无需特设结构层次,与最简方案框架下的词汇阵列、语段推导等主流思想保持了一致。

As a special sentence pattern in Chinese, clauses with quasi-attributives （CQA） have five major properties- the mismatch between form and meaning, CQA＇s intrinsic link with verb-copying clauses, the ambiguity between quasi-attributives and real attributives, the optional presence of ＂de＂, and parametric variability. Among these properties, the form-meaning mismatch has drawn wide atteation from researchers due to its linguistic distinctiveness. In the framework of Distributed Morphology, we propose that postsyntactic operations such as Feature Copying and Feature Introduction may modify the structure generated by syntax, inducing the apparent mismatch. This approach not only captures the five characteristics of CQAs, but also eliminates some ad hoc stipulations common in many existing accounts. Moreover, our proposal is shown to be in line with ideas from the Minimalist Program, such as the lexical array and derivation by phase.