从龙胜集《公平交易碑》看清代农村集市商业文化的发展

The development of rural market culture in the Qing dynasty reflected by Fair Transaction Tablet unearthed in Long Shengji

清代是中国古代商业文化发展的鼎盛时期。从龙胜集出土的《公平交易碑》来看,尽管清代农村集市贸易中存在诸多问题,但清代已经确立了以"牙人牙行"制度为核心的农村集市商业组织制度文化,通过乡规民约,提升了商人伦理道德文化。正是这种自上而下的政府管控及自下而上的乡规民约的强化,在一定程度上克服了农村集市贸易中出现的一些问题。因此,在继承前代商业文化的前提下,清代的农村集市商业文化有了较大的提升,这种提升进而促进了清代商品经济的迅速发展。

The Qing dynasty was the prime period of the ancient Chinese business culture. From the Fair Transaction Tablet unearthed in Long Shengji, we can see that in spite of many problems in the rural market trade, the rural market organization system culture was set up with the brokerage as the core in the Qing dynasty and the businessmen moral culture was improved with folk conventions. The up - down control of the government and the strengthening of down - up folk convention overcame some problems in the rural market trade to a certain degree. Therefore, under the precondition of inheriting the business culture of the previous dynasties, the rural market culture of the Qing dynasty was greatly improved, which promoted the quick development of commercial economy of the Qing dynasty.