蒙古族宗教祭祀中女性禁忌原因浅析

A Brief Analysis of the Reasons for the Taboos against Females in Mongolian Religious Rituals

蒙古族的祭敖包、祭天、祭火、祭苏勒德、祭祀祖先等宗教祭祀活动中,有许多针对女性的禁忌。其原因既有保护女性免受亡灵的侵扰,避免女性受到祭祀场面惊吓,也有防止女性泄露家族秘密的可能。至于藏传佛教传入蒙古后在祭祀中出现的女性禁忌,也不排除有对女性的歧视和贬低意识在内。

There are many taboos against the females in Mongolian religious memorial activities carried out for their ceremonies for Mongolian aobo （a huge mound of stones for landmarks convenient for Mongolian mountain gods and gods passing by）, heaven, fire, Sulede （a fairy spear-like weapon said to be from God to Khan Genghis for his forever triumph） and their forefathers etc. The reasons for the taboos in such activities involve either their protection of the females from being harassed by departed souls and from being scared in time of their religious memorial ceremonies or the potentiality to prevent the females from divulging the secret of their extended family. Even the Mongolian taboos against the females appearing in the rituals after their introduction of Tibetan Buddhism into Mongolia do not rule out the inclination of their discrimination and degradation of females.