知识基础的追问:为何笛卡尔与基础主义皆陷入困境

On Searching the Foundation of Knowledge:Why Are Descartes and Foundationalism both in Trouble

众所周知,基础主义为知识寻求自明的基础与笛卡尔的做法颇为相似,两者都预设了某种基础,但却基于不同的认识方式。笛卡尔因"对象化的认识方式"而导致困境,基础主义则围绕着信念的确证问题,把知识的确证因素归结为内在的机制或状态,虽摆脱了近代的认识方式,仍困难重重。两者陷入困境的根源如康德所言,是理性超出经验之外对绝对的追问,是理性所无法解决的。

It is known to all that foundationalism is similar to that of Descartes’ s searching of the founda-tion of knowledge for these two both presuppose some foundation, but they are not based on the same way of cognition.Descartes is in trouble because of“objectification” as the way of cognition.Foundationalism, how-ever, is surrounded by the questions of justification of belief, and considers the intrinsic mechanism or state as the factor of justification of knowledge.Although it has gotten rid of the way of cognition of modern times, it is still beset with difficulties.This paper would indicate that troubles of both foundationalism and Descartes result from what Kant says that reason is used to deeply inquire the absolute beyond experience, which could not be achieved by reason.