“妥协论证”与“方便教化”——牟子和契嵩对于儒学的不同抉择

“Compromising Demonstration”and“Convenient Education”:MU Rong and QI Song's Different Choices in Confucian Studies

牟子与契嵩作为不同时代的佛教思想代表人物,他们面对儒家伦理思想的挑战而不得不对儒佛关系做出抉择,而二者在抉择儒佛关系方面却呈现出不同的方法和特点。牟子在佛教初传时期面对儒家的诘难采用的是妥协论证的方法,即承认儒家思想的正确性,再从儒学中找出与佛教类似的思想和观念来证成佛教;契嵩于佛教鼎盛之际,以方便教化的思路调和儒佛之间的矛盾,即视儒学为佛教的"方便法门",主动将儒学纳入其佛学体系而实现儒学与佛学的无缝对接。从牟子和契嵩有关儒佛"孝道"的论述中可以具体表现出这两种抉择思路的不同,但它们都属于佛教中国化过程中"儒佛圆融"的重要策略。

Muzi and Qisong, both as representative of Buddhist thought in different era, they faced the challenges of Confucian ethics and had to make a choice on the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism, while their choice presents different argument methods and characteristics. Muzi , who lived in the early period of spread of Bud- dhism in china, reply to hostile questioning from Confucian with the method of mboannent is compromise, namely rec- ognizing the correctness of the Confucian thought, and then find out similar thoughts and ideas from the Confucianism to card into Buddhism; In the heyday of Buddhism, Qisong argued the cultivation of expediency to reconcile the con- tradiction between Confucianism and Buddhism, i. e, regarding Confucianism as ＂ convenient practice＂ of Bud- dhism and absorbing Confucianism actively into the Buddhist system and realize the seamless joint between Confucian- ism and Buddhism. From the discourse about ＂ filial piety＂ in Confucianism and Buddhism by Muzi and Qisong, it shows that the methods of their choice on Confucianism are different, but they both belong to the important strategies in the process of sanitization of Buddhism, which shows harmony between Confucianism and Buddhism.