摘要
近代中国美术史研究中,美术工具如毛笔等乃研究的缺失所在。从清末到民国二三十年代,钢笔对毛笔产生了极大的冲击;随着毛笔丧失一统天下的局面以及钢笔的由弱走强,二者并峙,并引发社会热议,学生的用笔呈现多样化。民国时期毛笔的被边缘化,表现之一是毛笔行业、造纸业的凋敝;之二是舆论界对毛笔的颓势多有报导,40年代报导毛笔的衰败主要集中在学生的使用状况方面。无论是从毛笔业、纸业,还是舆论报导看,均可认定民国时期毛笔有一个逐步被边缘化的过程。这引发了全社会的广泛关注,以至于民国时期出现了拯救毛笔的风潮。其一是政策方面的刚性制约;其二是舆论界的倡导、吁请;其三是从技术层面上改良毛笔,改良的方法主要是发明、推广自来水毛笔。当时社会各界之所以致力于挽救毛笔,还包含抵制洋货的诉求。
In researches on modern Chinese art history, writing or painting tools such as brushes attract little scholarly attention. From the late Qing dynasty to the 1920s-30s, pen had a great impact on the writing brush. The coexistence of the two sparkled off hot public debate. Students began using diversified writing tools. The gradual marginalization of the writing brush during the Republic of China period was evidenced by public opinions and depression in the writing brush and papermaking industries. In the 1940% news reports about the decline of the writing brush concentrated in its usage among students. The marginalization of brushes caused extensive public concerns, which led to the campaign of saving the writing brush. Apart from government policies and media advocacy, technical improvements were made, such as the invention and promotion of ink-filled brush. Another reason for saving the writing brush was the boycott of foreign goods.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期123-133,共11页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
民国时期
毛笔
钢笔
Republic of China
Writing brush
pen