重论栾盈缶——兼说栾盈本名与栾盈奔楚

A New Study of “Luan ying” Bronze Fou

栾盈缶旧称栾书缶。铭文中误释为"书"的无法隶定的怪字,实为从公、从秉的字,音近借为盈。栾书缶应改名为栾盈缶。关于栾盈的本名,《春秋》经传作"栾盈",而《史记》作"栾逞",《清华简·系年》作"栾"。盈、逞可通假。盈字晚出,栾盈的本名应是栾逞或栾。盈下原释为兄、释己(以)、释老、释巳(嗣)的字,应是"也"字。原释"畜孙"的畜,实是"书"的借字。"畜孙"即栾书之孙。,或释第一人称"吾",应改释虞,即晋人始祖唐叔虞。栾盈缶应是晋人栾盈奔楚后,在楚国所铸。既不是晋国铜器,也不是"流落到楚国的蛮族后裔"所铸,更不是古董商人所伪作。关于栾盈奔楚的年代应是晋平公六年,相当于周灵王二十年和鲁襄公二十一年(前552年)。栾盈由楚奔齐,应是晋平公七年秋,相当于周灵王二十一年,鲁襄公二十二年(前551年)。栾盈缶铸造的绝对年代应是奔齐以前的周灵王二十一年春,周历正月初一。

The ＂Luan Ying＂ bronze fou [栾盈缶] was previously referred to as ＂Luan Shu＂ fou [栾书缶]. The character wrongly interpreted as ＂书＂ should be ＂盈＂ instead. The original name of Luan Ying is recorded as ＂栾盈＂（Chun Qiu）, ＂栾逞＂（Shi Ji） and ＂栾＂（Ji Nian, bamboo slips in the Tsinghua University）. ＂盈＂ and ＂逞＂ are interchangeable and ＂盈＂ is later than ＂逞＂. Therefore, the original name of Luan Ying should be ＂栾逞/ ＂. The character following ＂盈＂, which is usually read as ＂兄＂, ＂己/以＂, ＂老＂ or ＂巳/嗣＂, should be ＂也＂. ＂畜＂ in ＂畜孙＂ is in fact a loan character of ＂书＂ and ＂畜孙＂ refers to the grandson of Luan Shu. ＂ ＂, which is read by some scholars as ＂吾＂ should be ＂虞＂, referring to the ancestor of the Jin people Tang Shuyu [唐叔虞]. This fou was probably cast in the Chu state after Luan Ying fled there from the Jin state. It did not belong to the Jin state. Neither was it made by descendants of barbarians living in Chu or a forgery by antiquity trader. Luan Ying fled to Chu probably in the 6th year of Jin Ping Gong＇s reign（20th year of King Ling＇s reign/21 st year of Lu Xiang Gong＇s reign/552 BC）. He then fled to the Qi state in the autumn of the 7th year of Jin Ping Gong＇s reign（21st year of King Ling＇s reign/22 nd year of Lu Xiang Gong＇s reign/551 BC）. The fou was cast in the spring of the 21 st year of King Ling＇s reign（551 BC）.