内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤临床疗效观察(附47例报告)

Surgical resection of pituitary adenoma via neuroendoscopic single-nostril transsphenoidal approach: a clinical analysis

目的探讨内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤的手术技术及临床效果。方法回顾性分析2007年8月-2013年8月在空军总医院神经外科行内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦切除垂体腺瘤的47例患者的临床资料,其中男21例,女26例,年龄15~70岁,平均42.7岁,均经病理确诊。总结分析手术效果、并发症发生情况及随访结果。结果 47例患者中肿瘤完全切除38例（80.9%）,大部切除9例（19.1%,均为大腺瘤并侵入海绵窦者）。本组共40例（85.1%）患者术后临床症状改善,其中头痛减轻35例,视力视野改善30例。本组47例中泌乳素（PRL）型29例,生长激素（GH）型6例,无功能型12例,术后28例（80%）血清内分泌激素较术前有改善,其中PRL型23,GH型5例。10例术后出现尿崩症,8例出现脑脊液漏,1例发生颅内感染。所有患者术后随访6个月~6年,无死亡病例。结论内镜下经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤具有创伤小、术野清晰、肿瘤全切率高、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点,是一种微创、安全有效的治疗方法。

Objective To explore the technique and clinical efficacy of single-nostril transsphenoidal neuroendoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas. Methods A total of 47 patients with pituitary adenoma, among them 21 were male and 26 female, aged 15-70 years old with a mean of 42.7 years, were treated with neuroendoscopic single-nostril transsphenoidal surgical resection in the Air Force General Hospital of PLA from August 2007 to August 2013. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively, including the operative results, complications, and follow up results. Results Post-operative MRI revealed that the tumor was totally removed in 38（80.9%） patients, and subtotally in 9（19.1%, the tumors were large and had invaded the cavernous sinus）. Post-operative improvement of clinical symptoms was achieved in 40（85.1%） patients, among them, headache disappeared in 35 patients, vision and visual field improved in 30 patients. Among the 47 patients, an increase in prolactin hormone（PRH type） was seen in 29, an increase in growth hormone（GH type） in 6, and non-functioning pituitary carcinoma in 12 patients. In 80%（28/36） of the patients hormone secretion was improved after the operation, including 23 of PRH type and 5 of GH type. Post-operative complications were diabetes insipidus in 10 patients, cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 8 and meningitis in one. All the patients were followed up for 6 months up to 6 years, and no death occurred. Conclusion Single-nostril transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery consists of many advantages, such as minimal trauma, clear visual field, higher total resection rate, and rapid recovery after operation, therefore it is a safe and effective approach for the resection of pituitary adenomas.