对我国渔具分类标准的探讨

On classification standards of fishing gears in China

随着渔业科学技术日益发展、学术交流日益频繁以及全国渔具准入标准制订和实施工作不断推进,我国现有的渔具分类国家标准《渔具分类、命名及代号》(GB/T 5147-2003)在对渔具的具体分类上存在的一些问题也逐渐显现。本文通过对比我国渔具分类国家标准和FAO渔具统计分类国际标准(ISSCFG),分析了两个标准在渔具分类的定位、具体分类等方面的区别和联系,并结合笔者在教学和科研实践活动中所遇到的国家标准在"类"、"型"和"式"方面可能存在欠缺完整性、灵活性、适应性、区分缺乏统一依据等问题,提出了对我国现有渔具分类国家标准进行修订等建议,以期加快对现有国家标准的复审和修订,维护国家标准的权威性,并使各项渔业管理工作具有统一的标准。

With the increasing progress made and more frequent academic exchanges in fishery sciences and technology,and continuous promotion of work on formulation and implementation of the national fishing gear access system and standard,issues in classification and identification of specific fishing gear based on the present national standards＂The Classification,Nomenclature and Code of Fishing Gear＂（ GB / T 5147- 2003,hereinafter referred to as national standards）,are gradually arising. In this paper,the present national standard was compared with the International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear（ ISSCFG,hereinafter referred to as international standards）,and considerable differences between them in principles,classification and definition of fishing gear groups and in classification and categorization of specific fishing gear were analyzed. Through analysis,we believe that special features of domestic and foreign fisheries and the main purpose for each standard contribute to the differences between two standards. In the national standards,all specific fishing gears are categorized by a 3- level classification method,in which fishing gears could be divided in ＂group＂,＂form＂and ＂type＂by their catching principle,gear construction and fishing method. The national standards provide criteria and basis for scientific and normative classification of fishing.However,in teaching and researching practice,we have found some problems. For the ＂group ＂ level,division is not clear enough in principle and groups listed in national standards are not comprehensive enough to cover all fishing gears while some groups are divided too detailedly. For the ＂form＂level,lack of uniform basis in form classification and insufficient types for some fishing gear groups are pointed out. Additionally,unclear definition of some types and confusion in some forms and types are found. As for＂type＂level,lack of uniform basis in type classification and the necessity of type division for some fishing gears that could be specified by their forms are clarified. According to the problems mentioned above and their influence on fisheries management and academic exchanges in fishery sciences and technology,we suggest,with reference to the international standards,a ＂unspecified＂or ＂other＂group should be added in the ＂group＂level and＂unspecified＂or＂other＂form should be added in some groups accordingly in the future amendment. The suggestion would be helpful to enhance the applicability,flexibility and adaptability of national standards.What＇s more,we propose to speed up the review and revision progress to maintain the authority of national standards and to provide a uniform standard for all fishery management activities.