中国古代物流思想与实践

Chinese Ancient Logistic Thoughts and Practices

我国古代物流和现代物流存在很大区别,在认识上,古代物流重"储",而现代物流重"流";在思想上,古代物流主要是"重储思想",现代物流主要是"系统思想";在观念上,古代是以静态的观念为主导,现代是以动态的观念为主导。基于此,一系列派生的政策、主张、运行、工程、装备、技术等随之而来,如先秦时期的"重储思想",荀子"物畅其流"的主张,万里长城对物流集中化、规模化、规范化、法制化、快速化等方面的积极作用,诸葛亮发明木牛流马造就的历史辉煌,大运河对南北沟通的重要作用,漕运直抵北京的辉煌,郑和开辟的海上丝绸之路等,呈现出一幅丰富多彩的画卷。研究我国古代物流思想与实践,对"南船北马"、漕运、纲运、古道路体系、古丝绸之路、古代仓储等进行系统梳理,可从中寻找一些今天的参照和借鉴。

Chinese ancient logistic thoughts are quite different from modern logistic thoughts. In terms of cognition,“keeping in reserve”is the focus of ancient logistics,and“flowing”is the focus of modern logistics;in terms of thoughts,the subject of ancient logistics is“the thoughts paying more attention to keeping in reserve”,and that of modern logistics is“the systematic thoughts”;in terms of concept,ancient logistics takes static concept as the leading one,and modern logistics takes dynamic concept as the leading one. Based on this,there existed a series of policies,propositions,operations,projects, equipment and technology,such as“the thoughts paying more attention to keeping in reserve”in the pre-Qin period,the proposition of“fluent logistics network”of Xunzi,the positive role of the Great Wall,Kongming＇s Contraptions,the role of the Grand Canal in connecting South China with North China,the glory created by“water transport of grain to the capital （in feudal times）”,and“the Maritime Silk Road”explored by Zhenghe. With the help of research on Chinese ancient logistic thoughts and practices,we can find out some more references for today.