播期和抽穗期温度对水稻岳优9113生长及产量的影响

Effects of sowing date and temperature on growth and yield of late rice Yueyou 9113

通过分期播种和抽穗杨花期人工控制温度,研究温度对双季晚稻岳优9113生长发育及产量构成的影响,分析晚稻关键生育时期的适宜性和灾害性温度指标。结果表明,气象条件适宜时,播期每推迟5 d,晚稻生育期内有效积温平均减少60℃,日有效温度平均下降0.65℃,均呈显著下降趋势;同时,晚稻产量与抽穗至成熟期的有效积温成正比,有效积温每增加50℃,产量可提高767.5 kg·hm-2。岳优9113有效分蘖在孕穗期达最大值,返青至孕穗期有效积温达到1 292.4℃为分蘖最适温度。抽穗扬花期温度是影响晚稻产量构成的主要气象因子,千粒重、每穗实粒数与抽穗后5 d平均温度显著相关,岳优9113抽穗杨花期最适温度为26.9℃,低温阈值和高温阈值分别为15.5℃和38.1℃。

To analyze the most suitable and severe temperature indicators, we studied the influence of temperature on the development and yield components of hybrid rice Yueyou 9113 at different sowing dates with different temperature. The results showed that under the appropriate meteorological conditions, as the sowing date delayed 5 d, the effective accumulated temperature and the average daily effective temperature reduced by 60℃ and 0. 65℃ in the whole growth period, respectively. The yield was proportional to the effective accumulated temperature from heading to maturity stage, when the effective accumulated temperature increased 50℃ , the yield increased 767.5 kg-hm-2 The dates of maximum available tillering of Yueyou 9113 were basically at booting stage, and the most suitable effective accumulated temperature for tillering process was 1 292. 4℃ during turning green stage to booting stage. Temperature of flowering stage was the main meteorological factors affecting rice yield components, 1 000-grain weight and grains per panicle had a significant correlation with the average temperature of 5 days after heading. The results showed that 26. 9℃ （average temperature of 5 days after heading） was the optimal temperature for Yueyou 9113,while the minimum and maximum temperature were 15.5℃ and 38.1℃, respectively.