体育运动对民族认同的整合作用——美国经验的启示

Sports integration function on national identification——Inspirations from American experience

从民族文化认同的角度,对美国通过体育运动实现民族文化认同的过程进行阐述。在"同一性"与"排他性"认同方式的互动中,美国人借助体育运动实现了对民族认同的建构。一面排斥流行于英国的板球和英式足球;另一面借鉴"他者"体育文化努力塑造自身的体育文化,通过创造神话、塑造英雄,棒球成为美国文化的典型代表,完成塑造民族文化认同的使命。

From the perspective of national cultural identification, the author expatiated on the process of the American nation realizing national cultural identification via sports. In the interaction of“identical”and“exclusive”ways of identification, the American realized the construction of national identification by means of sports. On the one hand, the American rejected cricket and soccer which are popular in Britain, and on the other hand, the Ameri-can strived to build its own sports culture by learning from sports cultures of“the others”, and by creating myths and establishing heroes, turned baseball into the typical representative of American culture, and completed the mis-sion of establishing national cultural identification.