英国疏浚土有益利用进展及其对我国的启示

Development on beneficial use of dredged materials in the UK and its enlightenment to China

欧美、日本等发达国家在疏浚土有益利用方面起步较早,积累的经验也较丰富。以英国为例,分析疏浚土处置现状和特点,从技术和政策2个层面总结英国疏浚土有益利用的主要进展,并提出其对我国的启示。结果表明,英国拥有权责明晰的疏浚土管理体系和专门的疏浚土有益利用研究机构,十分注重疏浚土有益利用的技术指导和政策法规引导,近20 a来取得了Wallasea岛湿地修复、Thames河口泥沙环境维护等诸多典型成功案例。借鉴英国经验,现阶段乃至未来一段时期内,我国疏浚土有益利用工作应着重把握3大方面,即获取政府和各相关方的支持、建立专门的管理和研究机构、制定相关的政策和法规制度等。

The beneficial use of dredged materials started early in the developed countries such as the United States of America, European countries and Japan, and has accumulated rich experience. Taking the United Kingdom as an example, we analyze the current situation and characteristics of dredged materials＇ disposal, summarize the main development of beneficial use of dredged materials in the United Kingdom from aspects of technology and policy, and put forward its enlightenment to China. The results show that it has dredged material management system with clear fight and responsibility and professional studying agency for the beneficial use of dredged materials in the United Kingdom. A great attention is paid to the technical support and policy guidance for the beneficial use of dredged materials, and lots of typical and successful cases such as wetland restoration of Wallasea Island and sediment environment maintenance in the Thames Estuary are achieved during the past 20 years. Learning from the British experience, we realize that the work for the beneficial use of dredged materials in China should be focused on 3 aspects at present and during several years in the future, i. e., the support from the government and the related party, establishment of professional administers and research institutions, and formulation of related policies and regulations.