认知隐喻理论及其批评与发展述评

Review of the Cognitive Metaphor Theory and Its Criticism and Development

Lakoff和Johnson合著的《我们藉以生活的隐喻》提出了认知隐喻理论,将隐喻研究从语言层面提升到了思维层面。认知隐喻理论逐渐发展成为认知语言学研究的一大焦点,但在隐喻概念、隐喻工作机制、隐喻与文化的关系、隐喻研究方法论等方面存在问题,从而招致批评与争论。Lakoff、Johnson及其支持者一方面提出反批评,另一方面则提出对策,进一步对理论体系进行完善。在过去的三十年里,认知隐喻理论在批评中发展成长,研究层逐步形成了"语言——思维——文化——身体——大脑"的发展路径。

The book Metaphors We Live By written by George Lakoff and Mark Johnsen, gives out the cognitive meta- phor theory that transforms the metaphor research from the language angle to the thinking level and is gradually developed into one of the focuses in the research of cognitive linguistics. But the issues lead m the criticism and argument that are in- volved in the metaphor concept, the metaphor working mechanism, the relationship between metaphor and eulture, and the methodology of metaphor research. And on the one hand Lakoff and Johnsen as well as their supporters put forward their anti-criticism and on the other they make the further improvement on their theoretical systems. In the past 30 years, this theory develops in the criticism with its approach from language, thinking, culture and body to brain in the research.