肿瘤患者发生化疗诱导性恶心呕吐的危险因素分析

Risk Factors Analysis of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients with Cancer

目的探讨肿瘤患者发生化疗诱导性恶心呕吐的危险因素,以期为筛选高危患者和制定预防措施提供临床依据。方法2012年1月至2013年5月,采用便利抽样法选取龙游县人民医院恶性肿瘤患者345名为研究对象,采用一般资料调查量表、状态-特质焦虑量表(statetrait anxiety inventory,STAI)和症状困扰量表(the symptom distress scale,SDS),对其进行调查,并采用单因素和Logistic回归分析法分析。结果 345名患者中有240例发生恶心呕吐,发生率为60.57%。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、性别、化疗周期、有无恶心呕吐史、焦虑、疼痛和是否应用铂类化疗药的患者,其诱导性恶心呕吐发生率的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、女性、恶心呕吐史、焦虑、疼痛、应用铂类化疗药和化疗周期是恶心呕吐发生的危险因素。结论化疗诱导性恶心呕吐的发生与多种因素有关,化疗前采取一定的预防措施可降低其发生率,保证化疗的顺利进行并提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To explore the risk factors of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting（CINV）in patients with cancer,to find out the high-risk patients,and to provide empirical evidence for clinical thera-py and nursing.Methods By convenience sampling,345 patients were selected and surveyed by general questionnaires,STAI and SDS.Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the variables.Results Among the 345 patients,240 patients experienced CINV,the incidence rate was 60.57%. The univariate analysis showed that there were statistic significance of the incidence of induced CINV of patients with different age,gender,chemotherapy period,whether or not had CINY,anxiety,pain and whether or not took platinum chemotherapeutic drugs（all P〈0.05）.The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the influencing factors included：age,female,history of CINV,anxiety ,pain,the applying of platinum chemotherapeutic drugs and the cycles of chemotherapy.Conclusion The incidence of CINV in cancer patients is associated with many factors.Preventive measures are favorable for reducing the incidence of CINV and improving patients’quality of life before chemotherapy.