汉语南部方言的兼语句及其形成机制

Pivotal Sentence of Chinese Southern Dialects and Its Forming Mechanism

我国南部方言中的多数方言都有一种以来自给予义的动词作为谓语的兼语句,这是南部方言兼语句不同于多数北部方言兼语句的一个重要特点。由于受南部方言的影响,在江淮官话等少数北部方言中也存在类似现象,兼语句的谓语动词可以是来自给予义的动词"给"。南部方言的特殊兼语句是在"主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语+目的宾语"的句法环境中孕育而成的:南部方言给予句带目的成分是其兼语句形成的先决条件,而其特殊的双宾语顺序"直接宾语+间接宾语"则是其兼语句形成的关键因素。

Among most of the Chinese Southern dialects there is a kind of pivotal sentence which has the verbs with the meaning of “give”its predicate .It is the feature that makes the southern dialects be different from most of the northern dia-lects .Due to the effect of the southern dialects ,the similar phenomenon also exists in a handful of northern dialects like Jiang-huai mandarin .This kind of special pivotal sentence of the Chinese Southern dialects is conceived in the “subject ＋ predicate ＋direct object ＋ indirect object ＋ purpose object”syntactic environment ：The purpose composition which is carried with by the sentences expressing the meaning of “give”is the prerequisite for forming the pivotal sentences while the order “direct object ＋indirect object” of the double-objects is the crucial factor for the formation of pivotal sentences .