2013年某铁路局932名货运机车乘务员慢性病患病状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Among 932 Freight Locomotive Crews in a Railway Bureau,2013

目的通过对货运机车乘务员的健康检查,了解其慢性病患病状况及影响因素。方法 2013年7~9月对某铁路局932名货运机车乘务员进行健康检查,并测量其身高、体重、询问既往病史和卫生习惯。结果调查932名货运机车乘务员,701人有慢性病,慢性病患病率为75.21%。其中脂肪肝、高血压、肝囊肿、糖尿病患病率均高于10%。最多同时患有5种慢性病,患2种及以上慢性病占58.35%。高血压、糖尿病、T波异常、静脉曲张、肾囊肿、胆囊息肉、肝囊肿和脂肪肝等疾病随着年龄增加患病率增高（P〈0.01）;高血压、糖尿病、T波异常和脂肪肝等疾病随BMI增加患病率增高（P〈0.01）;吸烟行为增加高血压患病率（P〈0.01）,饮酒行为增加高血压、T波异常和肝胆结石患病率（P〈0.01）。结论货运机车乘务员的慢性病与年龄、超重、吸烟和饮酒密切相关。

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors for chronic diseases among freight locomotive crews in a railway bureau. Methods During July-September,2013 ,health checkups were conducted among 932 freight locomo- tive crews of a railway bureau for the measurement of height and weight, and inquiry of the medical history and health habits . Results Of 932 freight locomotive crews surveyed, 701 had chronic disease, with a prevalence rate of 75. 21%. Among all chronic diseases,the prevalence of fatty liver,hypertension, hepatic cyst and diabetes mellitus was higher than 10%. 58.35% of all freight locomotive crews had two chronic diseases. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, abnormal T wave,varicose veins,renal cyst,cystic polyp,hepatic cyst,and fatty liver increased with age （ P 〈0.01）. The prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,abnormal T wave,and fatty liver increased with BMI （ P 〈0.01）. The prevalence of hyperten- sion increased with smoking （ P 〈0.01）. The prevalence of hypertension, abnormal T wave, and hepatic calculus increased with drinking （ P 〈0.01）. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases of freight locomotive crews is related with age, overweight, smoking, and drinking.