济南地区铁路职工甲状腺结节患病现况及相关因素分析

Analysis on Prevalence of Thyroid Nodule and the Relevant Factors Among the Railway Staff,Jinan Area

目的了解铁路职工甲状腺结节患病现况,探讨该作业人群甲状腺结节的影响因素,为管理部门制定健康促进措施提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,以济南地区铁路职工为研究对象,于2012年1~12月采用调查问卷收集研究对象个人基本信息并收集医院健康查体的相关数据,进行数据分析。结果调查16 599名铁路职工（男性14 793名、女性1 806名）,甲状腺结节患病率为34.38%,女性患病率（41.25%）明显高于男性（33.54%）（P〈0.01）;甲状腺结节以双叶结节（77.92%）和多发结节（76.06%）为主;随着年龄或BMI增高患病率显著增加（P〈0.01）。不同工种甲状腺结节患病率不同,后勤及管理人员患病率（43.05%）明显高于其他岗位人群（30.75%~35.64%）（P〈0.01）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、吸烟、高血压、BMI是甲状腺结节的危险因素,与工种为沿线检修的职工相比列车检修工种患甲状腺结节风险增加。结论济南地区铁路职工甲状腺结节患病率较高,控制体重指数和血压、禁烟限酒等健康管理,可减少甲状腺结节的发病风险。

Objective To understand the prevalence of thyroid nodule among the railway staff,discuss the influencing factors of thyroid nodule in the studied population, so as to provide basis for railway clepartment of health in working out health promotion measures. Methods During January-December,2012 ,with the Jinan railway staff as the study subject, the basic information was collected though questionnaire and the data of the physical examinations results were analyzed. Results The total number of the studied railway staff was 16 599, （the male number was 14 793 and the female number was 1 806）. The total prevalence rate of thyroid nodule was 34.38% ,The prevalence rate of female（41.25%） was obvi- ously higher than the male＇s（33.54%）（ P 〈0.01） ~Most of the thyroid nodules were bilateral nodules（77.92 % ）and mul- tiple nodules（76.06% ）;The prevalence rate was higher with the age or BMI raised（ P 〈0.01）. The prevalence rate was different in different occupations, the logistics service and governors group wasobviously higher （43.05%） than other＇s （30.75 % 35.64 % ） （ P 〈0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, smoking, hypertension, and BMI were the risk factors, the train maintaining staff was easier to suffer from thyroid nodule than those along the railway. Conclu- sion The prevalence of thyroid nodule presents a high level among the railway staff,it can reduce the incidence of thyroid nodule to control BMI and blood pressure,quit smoking and alcohol,and other health measures.