我国能源进口市场结构及其依赖性研究

China's Energy Import Geography Direction and its Dependency

能源是一国重要的战略性资源,它的稳定供应对一国安全特别是经济安全非常重要。多样化导致稳定性是生态学的基本观点。本文借助产业经济学和信息经济学中的市场集中率指数和多样性指数,分析了我国主要能源进口的市场结构,并进而计算出中国对各主要能源进口来源地的依赖系数。研究结果显示我国石油、煤炭和天然气三种能源进口市场结构高度集中,而且不同进口来源地能源的进口价格差异较大,如果能够充分利用国际能源市场出口空间,不但能进一步提高我国能源安全程度而且还能改善我国与某些能源出口国家在贸易谈判上的地位,降低能源进口价格改善能源贸易条件。

Energy is a strategic resource. Its steady supply is very important for a country＇s economic security. Diversity is stability. In order to reduce the risk from the international market, it is necessary to study the dependen- cy relations between China and the main export markets. This study can help us form the energy security policy based on trade. Using the market concentration index and market diversity index, the paper analyzes our energy im- port market structure,and calculates the dependency coefficients between China and the main export markets. To some extent the coefficients could be used to weigh the risk of different import markets. The results show that the im- port market structures of the oil, coal and gas are all highly concentrated, and the prices of different source of ener- gy are different. If the export space of energy is made full use of, not only can further improve the degree of energy security in China and also can improve our country trade conditions of energy.