三七主根稳定碳同位素组成与生态因子的关系

Relationships between Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition in Taproot of Panax Notoginseng and Ecological Factors

三七(Panax notoginseng)是中国传统名贵中药材,文山三七获国家地理标志保护。近年来,随着三七连作障碍的加重、道地产区租地成本增加和三七价格的上涨,三七种植区域已由云南文山道地产区向周边区域扩展,广西、广东、四川、贵州也有一定规模种植。因此,三七产地溯源和保护对三七产业的可持续发展十分必要。为探讨稳定碳同位素能否作为三七药材产地溯源的指标,基于44个不同产区3年生春三七主根样品、根际土壤样品、地理气候因子数据,采用稳定同位素质谱和等离子发射光谱质谱及常规土壤农化分析法,通过相关分析、逐步回归、通径分析和决策分析等的逐层剖析,研究了地理气候因子、土壤理化性质和肥力、主根内营养元素含量——共计49个生态指标与三七主根稳定碳同位素比率的数量关系。结果表明,7月平均温、1月最低温、纬度、经度、年均温、土壤速效锌含量、土壤全磷含量、土壤速效钾含量是影响三七主根稳定碳同位素比率的主要生态因子。这8个因子的综合影响,共同决定了三七主根稳定碳同位素比率变化的78.07%。对三七主根δ13C直接影响的顺序为:7月平均温>1月最低温>纬度>经度>年均温>土壤速效锌含量>土壤全磷含量>土壤速效钾含量。1月最低温为三七主根δ13C的最主要限制因子,土壤全磷含量是三七主根δ13C最主要的决策因子,但1月最低温、7月平均温、年均温、经度的决策系数绝对值远高于其他因子,说明三七主根δ13C主要受产地温度状况和经度的影响,这4个因子地域性很强。所以,三七主根δ13C可以作为三七主根和相关产品产地溯源的重要指标之一。

Panax notoginseng is a rare traditional medicinal herb in China, and WenshanPanax notoginseng obtained national protected geographical indication. In recent years, with the increasing price for rent land in genuine producing area and forPanax notoginseng market, as well as the serious continuous cropping barrier, the cultivating areas ofPanax notoginseng were enlarged from Wenshan to surrounding areas, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sicuan and Guizhou province also have certain area cultivation. Therefore, origin traceability and protection is of importance for sustainable development ofPanax notoginseng industry. In order to explore whether stable carbon isotope can be used as an index of origin traceability forPanax notoginseng,Based on 44 taproot samples and corresponding rhizosphere soil samples ofspring Panax notoginseng taken from different producing regions and cultivated for 3 years, and corresponding geographical and meteological data derived from GIS for Traditional Chinese Medicine database, adopted isotope ratio mass spectrometry （IRMS） and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry （ICP-MS） as well as regular soil-plant analyzing technique, the quantitative relationships between the stable carbon isotope ratio and 49 ecological factors including geographical and meteological data, physiochemical properties and soil fertility index, nutrient element contents in taproot of Panax notoginsengwere studied using the step by step comprehensive research methods of correlation, stepwise regression, path analysis, decision analysis. The results indicated that average temperature in July, minimum temperature in January, latitude, longitude, annual average temperature, available zinc, total phosphorus, available potash in soil were the determinant ecological factors affecting the stable carbon isotope ratio in taproot of Panax notoginseng,which controlled 78.07% changes of stable carbon isotope ratio in taproot of Panax notoginseng. The direct effect of determinant ecological factors on stable carbon isotope ratio in taproot of Panax notoginsengwerein the order of average temperature in July, minimum temperature in January, latitude, longitude, annual average temperature, available zinc, total phosphorus, available potash. The most main decisive factor was soil total phosphorus, while the most main limiting factor was minimum temperature in January. Nevertheless, the absolute value of decisive coefficients of minimum temperature in January, average temperature in July, annual average temperature, longitude were much higher than other factors, which showed that stable carbon isotope ratio in taproot of Panax notoginseng was mainly influenced by temperature condition and longitude of producing region. Therefore, the stable carbon isotope ratio in taproot of Panax notoginseng can use as an important index for origin traceability of taproot and related products of Panax notoginseng.