我国葡萄膜炎基础研究的现状

Basic studies on uveitis in China

近年来我国葡萄膜炎基础研究取得了很大的进展：发现一些活性分子和一些调节性T细胞在前房相关免疫偏离形成中起重要作用;Th1细胞和Ih17细胞均参与了葡萄膜炎的发生,淋巴细胞凋亡延迟、调节性T细胞功能和数量的降低等是葡萄膜炎发生的主要免疫学机制;利用大样本,应用全基因相关分析等技术探讨了Behcet病、Vogt-小柳原田综合征2类我国常见葡萄膜炎的遗传背景,在国际上首次从全基因组水平发现IL23R等是Vogt-小柳原田综合征的非HLA易感基因;此外,研究者还利用实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎动物模型阐明了IFN-B等多种分子在葡萄膜炎发生发展中的作用及机制以及多种药物对实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎防治的作用机制.但我国葡萄膜炎领域专门研究人员尚较少,葡萄膜炎的发病机制尚需进一步研究.

Basic studies on uveitis in China have progressed rapidly in recent years.First,a series of studies have demonstrated that several molecules （such as Tim-3 and IDO） and regulatory T cells （such as CD4＋CD25＋,CD4＋PD-1＋,CD8＋Foxp3＋ and CD8＋CD94＋T cells） are involved in the development of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation （ACAID）.Secondly,immunological studies reveal that both Th1 and Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis.Increased resistance of lymphocytes to apoptosis,and the decreased frequencies and functioning of CD4＋CD25＋ T cells are involved in the development or recurrence of uveitis.Thirdly,a number of genes have been shown to be associated with Behcet＆#39;s disease or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in Chinese patients.In addition,using an animal model of experimental autoimmune uveitis （EAU）,interferon-β and interleukins have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of EAU.Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate the immune responses in EAU.However,it is worthwhile to pointing out that there are only a few researchers performing basic research on uveitis in China and that the mechanisms involved in this disease should be further investigated in the future.