小城镇公共服务配置:现状、问题与对策

The Public Service Configuration of Small- towns:Status Quo,Problems and Countermeasures

本文利用变异系数、基尼系数以及泰尔指数三种指标从多个视角测算2007、2009、2011和2012年小城镇公共服务区域差异。研究结果表明:(1)三种指标的测算结果均表明公路里程,中学学校数,病床数,敬老院、福利院,图书馆、文化站,体育场馆这六项公共服务的地区差异有扩大之势。(2)从区域间和区域内泰尔指数数值及其贡献率来看,除了排水管道长度在2007年这一年出现了区域间泰尔指数大于区域内泰尔指数的情况,这四年间小城镇各项公共服务的区域内差异贡献率均在50%以上,区域内差异大于区域间差异。(3)从东、中、西及东北部内部差异来看,东部和西部地区各省份小城镇公共服务的差异大于中部和东北部地区。东部和中部地区各省份小城镇公共服务的差异正在逐步扩大,而西部和东北部地区各省份小城镇公共服务的差异则明显缩小。

We apply variation coefficient, Gini coefficient and Theil index to measure the regional differences of public service of small - towns from multiple perspectives in this paper. The results show that the three methods obtained similar results. Regional differences in public service are expanding, such as the length of roads, the number of middle schools, the number of hospital beds, welfare homes, nursing homes, libraries, cultural stations stadiums, etc. The contribution rate in interregional differences is above 50% and greater than that in regional differences from the Theil index and contribution rate. Of course, an exception occurred in the length of drainage pipelines in 2007. The regional disparity of public service of small - towns in the eastern and western areas is greater than that in the central and northeast regions. The differences of public service in the eastern and central regions are gradually expanding. The differences of public service in the western and north- east regions are significantly reduced.