梯级引水式水电站对底栖动物群落结构的影响

Effects of Cascade Diversion-type Hydropower Stations on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities

为研究梯级引水式水电站对底栖动物群落结构的影响,对云南景谷河3座梯级电站影响下河流底栖动物的群落结构进行了调查研究。研究结果表明:水电站的修建显著改变了河流的流速及水深;减水段和混合段水体底栖动物的物种丰度和多样性指数存在一定差异;不同级电站混合段底栖动物密度和生物量均高于减水段;功能摄食类群上混合段的滤食者、撕食者和捕食者相对丰度均显著高于减水段;丰度/生物量比较曲线表明,相对于混合段,水电站影响下减水段底栖动物群落受到了一定程度的干扰。故修建梯级小水电站时,应关注其对底栖动物的群落结构的影响。

In order to explore the effects of cascade diversion-type small hydropower stations（ SHPSs） on benthic macroinvertebrate community structures,we investigated the macroinvertebrate communities in rivers affected by three SHPSs in Jinggu River,Yunnan province. Results indicated that the operation of SHPSs had significant impact on water velocity and depth,and some differences in Shannon-Weiner index and species richness were found between the reduced-discharge section and the mixed-discharge section. Moreover,for the three stations,the density and biomass in mixed-discharge section were higher than those in reduced-discharge section. As for functional feeding groups,the relative abundances of filter-collectors,predators and scrapers in mixed-discharge section were significantly higher than those in reduced-discharge section. Furthermore,the results of ABC（ Abundance Biomass Comparison） curve analysis showed the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the reduced-discharge section were subjected to some disturbance compared with those in the mixed-discharge section. Attention should be paid to the impact of cascade small hydropower stations on benthic macroinvertebrate community structure.