清水江文书纪年格式之“天运”考释

An Examination and Interpretation of “Tianyun”in the Date Identification of Qingshuijiang River Instruments

时间标识是契约文书中的关键要素,必须严谨准确。而在清水江文书中,多次出现以"天运+干支"格式的计时格式,给文书订立时间的确定带来辨识的障碍,而对"天运"的考释,也成为文书整理工作中的一大疑难。本文以《天柱文书》第一辑中的57份带"天运"字样的文书为例,在分类解析的基础上,考证"天运"格式的渊源,进而考察其形成原因,总结处理此一问题的有效方法。

The time of identification is a key element in the contract documents.It must be accurate with care.However,in the Qingshuijiang River contract documents,the format of“Tianyun ＋heavenly stems and Earthly Branches”occurs several times,which has brought difficulties for the identification of the time for the documents.In this paper,the writer,taking 57 copies in Tianzhu Documents in which there are the characters of“tianyun”（天运）,and based on the methods of classification and analysis,conducts a study of the origin and the causes of its formation,and then summarizes the effective methods to solve this problem.