基于生态功能分区的湖北省土地利用及其生态服务价值变化研究

Change of Land Use and Ecological Service Value in Hubei Province Based on Ecological Function Regionalization

以1996年和2009年两期数据为基础,结合湖北省生态功能分区,对不同的生态功能区的土地利用及其生态服务价值的变化进行了对比分析,结果表明:1研究期间,对土地生态服务价值变化产生核心影响的是林地、草地以及耕地之间的剧烈变化;湖北省整体土地生态服务价值有所增加,但局部存在结构性问题;2鄂西三大区及幕阜山地区作为湖北省生态屏障,退耕还林的实施使其生态服务功能大幅增强,武汉地区在满足建设用地需求的同时大力恢复水域和林地,取得了生态环境和经济协调发展的效果,而保耕地的任务则基本转嫁于鄂中地区以及桐柏-大别山地区,其生态服务价值均有所减少或增长微弱;3湖北省东西四大山地必须加大对林地的保护力度;武汉地区需控制对耕地的侵占,减轻其他地区耕地保护的压力;鄂中地区则必须注意水域的保护及恢复,加强林地尤其是沿江防护林的建设。同时可通过实行区域间的生态补偿政策,以弥补地理空间上生态环境和经济利益的不平衡。

Based on the land use data of Hubei Province in 1996 and 2009,this paper estimated ecosystem service value of the study area in each ecological function regionalization and then a comparative analysis was applied to explore the characteristics of the ESV evolution and the land use changes.The results are as follows：（1）During the period 1996-2009,the severe changes among the forest land,grassland and cultivated land deeply influenced the ESV of Hubei Province.The overall ecosystem service value of Hubei Province had increased,but it still had structural problems in local area.（2）The ecosystem service value had been increased because of the grain-for-green project carried out in the regions of western Hubei and Mufu Mountain that are significant ecological barrier.Besides,Wuhan regional conditions had met the demands for construction land,while allowing the restoration of the waters and forest lands,so that the coordinated development between ecological environment and economy can be realized in Wuhan region.Because of this,the task of cultivated land protection was passed on to middle Hubei region whose ecosystem service value had been decreased.（3）The forest land should be protected continuously in western Hubei.The occupation of cultivated land should be controlled in Wuhan region to reduce the stress of cultivated land protection in other regions.The waters and forest lands should be restored and protected in middle Hubei.It is feasible to implement regional ecological compensation to balance the regional differences in ecological environment and economic interests.