布坎南对西方主流经济学理论逻辑的批判和视阈超越

Buchanan's Critique and Visual Transcendence of the Theoretical Logic of Western Mainstream Economics

从对总量函数指标的质疑和对宏观总量的国家干预理论的批判两个方面梳理了布坎南对西方主流经济学理论逻辑的分析和批判,在此基础上论述了布坎南对西方主流经济学的突破和超越,即把经济学研究的核心或重点置于市场交换关系及其制度结构的考察上,以消除各种人为的制约各方交易利益充分实现的制度障碍,进而将构建公正性市场关系的基本要素即对个体追求自己利益的承认、平等自愿的互利交换和一致同意的契约原则用于对社会政治领域的分析,为研究社会政治决策(或公共选择)活动及其制度规则提供了一个新的视角。布坎南的理论对于我们深入认识和慎重看待市场运行与政府调控的关系、个人价值与政治民主的关系,以利于全面推进依法治国有着一定的启发和借鉴意义。

This paper sorts out the Buchanan’s analysis and critique of the theoretic logic of western mainstream economics from two aspects：the questioning of the total function index and the criticism of state intervention on macro-economic gross. On this basis,a discussion is conducted on Buchanan’s breakthrough in the western mainstream economics：the core or focus of economic study should be on the investigation of the market exchange relations and their system structure,so as to eliminate all those artificial obstacles from the system that restrict the full realization of the interests of the trading parties,thus to apply the basic components of a fair market rela-tionship to the researches in the social and political filed. This approach provides a new perspective for the study on the social and po-litical decisions（ or public options）and their institutional rules. These basic components falls into three parts：the recognition of indi-viduals’pursuit of their own interests,mutually beneficial exchange on the basis of equality and free will,and unanimously agreed principle of contract. Buchanan’s theory provides an insight for the in-depth perception of and cautious attitude towards the relation-ships between market operation and government regulation,as well as between individual values and political democracy. Thus the the-ory has implications and offers reference for the overall promotion of the rule of law in China.