试论帮助犯的构成要件——从台湾刑法理论入手

The Constitutive Elements of an Accessory in Criminal Law——An Introduction to Taiwan Criminal Statue Theory

犯罪的定型化是贯彻罪刑法定原则的关键,作为定型化标志的构成要件明确了刑法对于犯罪的形式要求,将犯罪化限制在可预测的范围内。构成要件概念对于典型的犯罪形态——单独犯确实发挥了作用。但是,对于非典型的犯罪形态——帮助犯,构成要件却成了一个被遗忘、被忽视的概念。目前,帮助犯成立的要素都被台湾学者列举的帮助犯成立条件所涵摄,研究帮助犯的构成要件则需要将这些要素中与构成要件的组成有关的部分,在构成要件的框架下组织起来,由此得出帮助犯构成要件的概念。

Crime stereotype is the key to carry out legality principle. As the parameters of a stereotype, constitutive elements clarify the formal requirements of a criminal law, which confine crime stereotyping within a predictable range. The constitutive el- ement concept plays an important role in defining the typical criminal pattern, i.e. individual offenders. However, in terms of a- typical criminal patterns, i.e. accessories, constitutive elements have long been neglected. At present, all the requirements for accessory constitutive elements are covered in a list made by Taiwan scholars. It calls for a combination of the relevant compo- nents and other constitutive elements, so as to construct the concept of accessory constitutive elements, for legal and academic study.