细菌降解木质素的研究进展

Exploring the lignin degradation by bacteria

木质素是自然界最丰富的芳香化合物,其分解与陆地上碳循环密切相关。提取木质纤维素中的葡萄糖使其转化成乙醇,是生产第二代生物能源的关键步骤。但是由于木质素是一种非常稳定的化合物,难以降解是实现生物乙醇转化的主要屏障,因此关于木质素的生物降解研究具有非常重要的意义。真菌降解木质素的研究已经深入的进行了多年,并取得丰富的成果,但是关于细菌降解木质素的研究还处在初级阶段。由于广泛的生长条件和良好的环境适应能力,细菌在木质素降解方面深受研究人员的关注。本文通过总结前人的研究成果,讨论了木质素的降解机制、代谢途径及细菌降解木质素的工业应用前景,同时还展望了分子生物学及生物信息学在木质素降解方面的应用前景。

Lignin as the most abundant aromatic compounds, its decomposition is closely related to the carbon cycle. The bio-conversion of lignocellulose to glucose is an important part of second generation biofuel production, but the resistance of lignin to breakdown is a bottleneck in this process, hence there is considerable interest in the microbial breakdown of lignin. The degradation of lignin by fungi has been well studied, but it is still not clear in bacteria. Recently, many researchers focus on the lignin degradation by bacteria, because a wide range of growth conditions and good environment adaptability for bacteria. In addition, the rapidly development of omics technique such as gemome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolomics promoted the study on the bacterial degradation of lignin. This review introduced the recent research about the diversity of bacteria in lignin degradation, the lignin metabolism pathway and involved enzymes.