基于时空路径的旅游情感体验过程研究——以香港海洋公园为例

A Study of Tourists' Emotional Experience Process Based on Space-Time Path:A Case Study of Ocean Park in Hong Kong

随着旅游产业的发展进入成熟阶段,产业实践问题逐渐发生质变,核心矛盾已经从单纯的"旅游吸引力"转换为更加复杂的"旅游体验质量"问题。成熟旅游区和旅游目的地不仅关注游客规模、旅游收入,而且关系自身提供的旅游设施、旅游服务和旅游产品的质量管理;与此同时,还关注旅游者体验的满意度评价和旅游者情感体验的全过程。文章将时间地理学中的时空路径概念和旅游体验中的两极情感模型相结合,提出了"旅游情感路径"(TEP)的概念,试图打开旅游体验情感的黑箱。通过"旅游情感路径"概念模型的提出,尝试构建一种定量化、过程化和可视化研究旅游体验情感的新方法。以世界著名主题公园香港海洋公园为案例地,以时间地理学的时空路径为研究工具,采用手持GPS设备获取旅游者时空行为轨迹信息,辅助以日志调查方法获取旅游者消费信息、情感量化信息等,将旅游情感体验过程进行量化研究,基于时空路径分析旅游者的情感体验结果和过程。研究结果表明,旅游者情感体验各节点的愉悦度与总体愉悦度之间均存在显著相关关系。基于旅游情感路径的实证数据定量分析结果提出了对"第一印象区"的新理解,指出第一印象区的空间范围取决于具体案例地旅游者第一印象建立所需要的时间,在这个时间段内旅游者游程覆盖的区域都属于第一印象区。研究结果能够为旅游景区产品调整、改进和精细化设计提供理论指导,并在优化旅游者时空行为和提升旅游者体验质量等方面有较大的应用空间。

As tourism industry developing into a mature stage, industry practice problem qualitative change occurs gradually. The key issue of attractions and tourism destinations has been converted from “whether has enough attractive capability or not” to more complicated problem “how about the quality of tourists＇ experience”. Mature tourist attractions and tourism destinations not only concerned about the scale of tourists, tourism revenue, but also concerned on the quality of their tourism facilities, tourism services and tourism products; meanwhile, they also concerned about the whole process of evaluation and satisfaction of tourists emotional experience. This paper takes Ocean Park in Hong Kong which is the world famous Marine Theme Park as case study, using the concept of space-time path of time-geography as study method. Tourists＇ temporal-spatial behavior data was captured using GPS devices, while the information of tourists＇ consume behavior and emotional experience was investigated using activity dairy questionnaires. It is a quantitative research of tourists emotional experience process, the influence of differences on characteristics of tourist temporal-spatial behavior such as visit space and visit schedule were analyzed. The results show that the process and final evaluation of tourists＇ emotional experience are significantly correlated to characteristics of tourist temporal-spatial behavior. Number of visited space, spot visited or not, visit space combination and visit schedule are important factors affecting the process of emotional experience. The study results not only can provide theoretical guidance to tourist attractions on product adjustment, improvement and refinement designed, but also has larger application potential on optimization of tourists＇ temporal- behavior and enhance tourists＇ experience quality.