旅游审美观照的哲学阐释

Tourism Aesthetic Contemplation: A Philosophical Interpretation

旅游审美观照是连接旅游主体与旅游客体并实现旅游审美活动的关键环节,是旅游主体对旅游客体的独特的观审角度与方式。旅游审美观照对于旅游主体获得旅游审美感受,实现旅游审美价值具有重要意义。旅游审美观照与旅游凝视存在交集,即专注而投入的视觉凝视,责任和义务的暂时搁置。但另一方面,旅游审美观照具有旅游凝视所没有的主客互融共通的优势,而这恰恰是获得旅游审美意境的重要方式。旅游审美观照具有置身性、知觉性、体验性、非功利性的审美特征,旅游审美观照所追求的是审美精神的自由与超越。当人们置身于新异性的旅游审美场景中,在非功利性的前提下,经由审美观照,人们可以体验到精神的自由,这反映到生活中便是"诗意地栖居",这也正是旅游审美观照的意义所在。

Tourism aesthetic contemplation refers to the interaction between the subject and object of tourism and it facilitates the development of aesthetic feelings in tourists and helps them to achieve aesthetic value. Tourism aesthetic contemplation is a key element in gaining tourism value. It includes not only contemplation without disturbance but also wider observation, which encompasses looking around. Contemplation without disturbance means that individuals free their spirits during travel; that is, that they temporarily forget what is on their minds regardless of whether it is good or bad-- and clearly focus on what they are appreciating during their trips. Observation means that when individuals enjoy the sight of a scenic spot they do not look at it only from a single angle. On the contrary, they should look at the sight from various angles including from top to bottom, from side to side and from back to front. Moreover, individuals should psychologically experience infinite time and space. The two concepts tourism aesthetic contemplation and tourist gaze have certain elements in common. Both incorporate a long-lasting and intent gaze and both encourage the tourist to put material or utilitarian gains aside for the present. However, tourism aesthetic contemplation has the advantage of merging the aesthetic subject and object, which tourist gaze does not; this allows individuals to fully realize their inscape （their inner nature）. Tourism aesthetic contemplation emphasizes the equality of the subject and object, and the object generally has the same physiological and psychological structure as the human being, so they can feel each other＇ s feelings; that is, they are in accordance with the theory of heterogeneous isomorphism. However, tourist gaze prioritizes the subject, and many scholars consider the subject to hold an advantage over the object. Importantly, tourism aesthetic contemplation includes characteristics such as internationalism, perception, experience and non-utilitarianism. Moreover, tourism aesthetic contemplation is devoted to acquiring the sense of spiritual freedom that many tourists value highly. Internationalism means that the aesthetic subject must be pointing to the aesthetic object, and that the aesthetic object must have a physical form. Perception means that tourism aesthetic contemplation is closely associated with various psychological functions： it is a direct, illogical, and super concept, with integrity as its characteristic feature. When an individual experiences tourism aesthetics, it is an overwhelmingly pleasant experience that includes both sensory and psychological aspects. The importance of such experiences cannot be overemphasized in the context of tourism. The non-utilitarian aspect relates to the freedom of spirit that is the premise of tourism aesthetic contemplation. Tourism aesthetic contemplation plays an important role in the spiritual enhancement and freedom of individuals that partake in this activity. When people are exposed to a novel aesthetic scene and reach a state of extreme peace and quietness, it becomes possible for them to then experience further benefits. Through aesthetic contemplation it becomes possible for a human （the subject） to communicate with the object thereby attaining a sense of spiritual freedom. The significance of aesthetic contemplation means that when this spiritual freedom is reflected in real life, the relevant individuals could experience the happiness of ＂poetic dwelling＂; that is, they could enjoy a happy and meaningful life.